K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; Z. Behrad; M. Mirza; V. Mozaffarian; R. Azady; M. Naderi; M. Golipur; A. Bahmanzadegan; S. Meshkizadeh; Sh. Karimi
Abstract
Hypericum genus is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. Currently in Iran, there are 17 herbaceous, perennial and shrub species of Hypericum of which three species are endemic to Iran. This research was aimed to investigate Hypericine content in nine species of Hypericum. For Hypericine ...
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Hypericum genus is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. Currently in Iran, there are 17 herbaceous, perennial and shrub species of Hypericum of which three species are endemic to Iran. This research was aimed to investigate Hypericine content in nine species of Hypericum. For Hypericine content 1 gram of plant was extracted in two steps, chloroform extraction then methanol extraction using a Soxhlet device. Hypericin content was measured by HPLC, using the following condition, mobile phase: (methanol 68%, ethyl acetate 20% and sodium hydrosulphate (0.1 M) 12%) and stationary phase C18, and UV detector: set on 590 nm. Generally, no hypericin was detected in different organs of H. androsaemum L. Hypericine content detected in flowers, leaves and stems were: H. apricum Kar. & Kir. (in flowers 0.061% and leaves 0.005%), H.armenum Jaub. & Spach (flower 0.003%), H.asperulum Jaub. & Spach (in flower 0.025%, leaves 0.004% and stems 0.003%), in H.hirsutum L. (flower 0.007%), in H.linarioides Boss. (flower 0.007%), in H.tetrapterum Fries (flowers 0.008%, leaves 0.014%, and stem 0.001%), and H.vermiculare Boiss. & Hausskn. (flowers 0.005%), in H.perforatum L. (flowers 0.124%, leaf 0.028% , stem 0.003).
B. Abbaszadeh; M.H. Assareh; M.R Ardakani; F. Paknejad; M. Layegh Haghighi; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the cause and effect of morphological, physiological characters and some elements of camphorosma monspeliaca L. in natural habitat. Plant samples were collected by using 9 sampling plots at full flowering stage. Morphological traits including plant height, number ...
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This research was conducted to study the cause and effect of morphological, physiological characters and some elements of camphorosma monspeliaca L. in natural habitat. Plant samples were collected by using 9 sampling plots at full flowering stage. Morphological traits including plant height, number of tillers, big and small diameter of the canopy cover, dry weight of plant shoots and dry weight of flowering shoots were measured. Soluble sugar content, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron were also measured by using different methods. Correlation, factor analysis, stepwise and path analysis were used for identifying effective traits on shoot yield and essential oil percentage. The results showed that there was significant positive correlation between total shoot yield with number of tiller (r = 0.96**), canopy diameter 1 (r = 0.84*), canopy diameter 2 (r = 0.86**), flowering shoot yield (r = 0.79*), total chlorophyll 1 (r = 0.77*), chlorophyll b (r = 0.67*) and iron (r = 0.84*). There was significant negative correlation between total shoot yield with soluble sugars (r = -0.80**), proline (r = -0.88**), calcium (r = -0.70*) and chlorine r = -0.94**). Significant positive correlation was observed between flowering shoot yield with number of tillers, canopy diameters1 and 2, essential oil percentage, total chlorophyll 1 and iron. Essential oil percentage showed significant positive correlation with number of tiller (r = 0.79*), canopy diameters 1 (r = 0.79*), canopy diameters 2 (r = 0.83**), total shoot yield (r = 0.76*) and shoot flowering yield (r = 0.84**) shoot yield and iron (r = 0.86**). The results of factor analysis showed that first component with number of tillers, big and small canopy diameters, total shoot yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil percentage and iron could justify more than 55% of total variance. The result of stepwise analysis on dependent variable (essential oil percentage) showed that iron and total shoot yield with a determination coefficient of 0.8048 were entered to the regression model. The result of path analysis showed that iron had the highest direct positive effect on essential oil percentage. According to the results of stepwise analysis, number of tillers and plant height were entered to the regression model. The result of path analysis showed that number of tiller had the highest direct positive effect on total shoot yield.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; S.R. Tabaei Aghdaei; M. Nadery Hajibagher Kandy; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
In this study, tannin was extracted from rose water, wastewater and petal residue of Rosa damascena Mill. Twenty one accessions collected from different provinces of Iran and cultivated in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands were sampled for extraction. Then, each sample of essential oil, ...
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In this study, tannin was extracted from rose water, wastewater and petal residue of Rosa damascena Mill. Twenty one accessions collected from different provinces of Iran and cultivated in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands were sampled for extraction. Then, each sample of essential oil, rose water, wastewater and petal residue were prepared. The amount of tannin in the samples was measured by colorimetric method and spectrophotometer apparatus (Model 340 Hitachi) at 760 nm. The highest amount of tannin in rose water, wastewater and petal residue was respectively obtained from Khuzistan and Ilam (2163 ppm), Qom (1846 ppm), and Gillan (1432 ppm) accessions for rose water, Zanjan (1919 ppm), Mazandaran (1895 ppm) Qom, Gilan, Lorestan and Isfahan (1871 ppm) accessions for wastewater, and Yazd (3432 ppm), Sistan and Baluchestan (3139 ppm) and Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad (2993 ppm) accessions for petal residual. According to the results, it is recommended to extract tannin from samples used in rose water production. In other words, this will be economically useful for rose water traditional producers.
F. Sefidkon; A. Bahmanzadegan; M. Golipour; V. Mozafarian; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
The genus Bunium comprised of 14 species in Iran, two of them (B. wolfi and B. lurestanicum) are endemic. Among these species, only B. persicum is famous and used in medicinal and nutrition industries. In this research, two other species of Bunium named as B. cylindricum (Boiss.& Hohen.) Drude and ...
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The genus Bunium comprised of 14 species in Iran, two of them (B. wolfi and B. lurestanicum) are endemic. Among these species, only B. persicum is famous and used in medicinal and nutrition industries. In this research, two other species of Bunium named as B. cylindricum (Boiss.& Hohen.) Drude and B. rectangulum Boiss.& Hausskn., were studied. At first, different parts of these plants were collected from their habitats. Different parts were separated and then dried. The dried plant materials were subjected to hydro-distillation for obtaining the essential oils. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventeen components were characterized in the oil of aerial parts of B. cylindricum at flowering stage. Germacrene D (31.2%), dill apiol (26.9%), E- caryophyllene (11.6%) and germacrene B (7.1%) were the main constituents. 20 compounds were identified in the seed oil of B. cylindricum with dill apiol (25.8%), E- caryophyllene (15.4%), globulol (12.2%), spathulenol (7.2%) and germacrene D (6.6%) as main components. 11 compounds were identified in the seed oil of B. rectangulum with dill apiol (63.3%), Germacrene D (22.4%) and E-caryophyllene (5.1%) as main components. 21 components were characterized in the flower oil of B. rectangulum. Germacrene D (36.7%), Dill apiol (11.1%), bicyclogermacrene (16.5%) and E-caryophyllene (15.9%) were the main constituents. The results showed that the essential oils of both species contained mainly sesquiterpens, but the percentages of these compounds were different.
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi; S. Meshkizadeh; M. Naderi Haji Bagher Kandi; A. Bahmanzadegan Jahromi
Abstract
Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation ...
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Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed separately and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed oils of P. deveroides, were 0.6%, 2.5% and 7.1% w/w, respectively in 2005 and 1.3%, 2.4% and 7.5% w/w in 2006. The yields of seed oils were higher than the yields of stems plus the leaves and inflorescence oils. Pregeijerene (35.5% to 67%) and Geijerene (8.2% to 14.1%) were the major constituents in all oils. According to this study P. deveroides is important for the highest quantity oil in seed.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; M.H. Asareh; S.R. Tabaei Aghdaei; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Pigments are primarily responsible for the color of rose petals (the colorless flavonoids aid the intensification and stabilization of petals color). The aim of this research was extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol ...
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Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Pigments are primarily responsible for the color of rose petals (the colorless flavonoids aid the intensification and stabilization of petals color). The aim of this research was extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and quercetin in petals of Rosa damascena from western of Iran and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were collected on late April 2006. A 5 g fresh flower petals was blended with 30 ml of 9:1 methanol:acetic acid, the extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin glycoside compounds were extracted from ten samples. The highest kaempferol content were obtained from Kordestan (595 ppm), Qazvine (505 ppm), West Azarbaijan (484 ppm), and Ilam (483 ppm), and the lowest from Kermanshah (74 ppm), Hamedan (88 ppm) and Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (252 ppm). The highest quercetin glucoside contents were obtained from Ardabil (322 ppm), West Azarbaijan (312 ppm), Ilam (302 ppm), and Chahar Mehal (239 ppm), and lowest were from Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (77 ppm), Hamedan (80 ppm), Kermanshah (117 ppm) and Kohkiluyeh (Gachsaran) (158 ppm). According to these results, the best samples were obtained from west Azarbaijan (484 ppm kaempferol, 312 ppm quercetin), Ilam (483 ppm kaempferol, 302 ppm quercetin) and Ardabil (447 ppm kaempferol, 322 ppm quercetin).
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the arial parts and seeds of Pimpinella eriocarpa Banks & Soland Individually, that were collected from khojir (Northeast of Tehran province). The yields of arial parts and seed oils were 1.3% and 5.7%w/w, respectively. Fifteen constituents ...
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Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the arial parts and seeds of Pimpinella eriocarpa Banks & Soland Individually, that were collected from khojir (Northeast of Tehran province). The yields of arial parts and seed oils were 1.3% and 5.7%w/w, respectively. Fifteen constituents in the aerial parts oil and eight constituents in seed oil were identified. Major constituents of the aerial parts oil were Pregeijerene (59.9%), Limonene (17.6%) and Elemicin (12.5%). Major constituents of the seed oil were Limonene (49.3%) and Elemicin (44.5%). Two major compounds (Limonene and Elemicin) were common in both of the oils. Seven trace constituents of the aerial parts oil were not found in the seed oil at all.
M.B. Rezaee; K. Jaimand; S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.M. Brazandeh; S. Meshkizadeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January 2004, , Pages 339-348
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes ...
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Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes (6A and 188B) collected from Kashan (Ghamsar) and west Azarbaiejan (Oskoo), respectively and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in Ghamsar sample were n-nonadecane (25.5%), citronellol (17.7%)and geraniol (13.3 %) and for Oskoo sample were citronellol (27%), geraniol (18%) and n- nonadecane (14.2%). An appropriate was therefore genotype identified with high percent of major essential components, from Oskoo, despite cultivation in a different envirment from its geographical origin.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; M. Mirza; S. Meshkizadeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , October 2003, , Pages 239-254
Abstract
The genus of Pimpinella presents about 20 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran. Most of them are annual. Two of the more distributed and prenial of these species is P. eurea and P. tragium. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the seeds, flowers, and stems of ...
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The genus of Pimpinella presents about 20 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran. Most of them are annual. Two of the more distributed and prenial of these species is P. eurea and P. tragium. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the seeds, flowers, and stems of Pimpinella aurea DC.Individually, that were collected from Fasham (Northwest of Tehran province) and Tochal (North of Tehran province). The yields of seeds, flowers, and stems oils of Fasham sample were 1.97%, 1.54% and 0.44% w/w, and the yields of seeds, flowers, and stems oils of Tochal samples were 1.2%, 0.47% and 0.48% w/w, respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC (9A-Shimadzu) and GC/MS (Varian 3400). Eight and four constituents at seed oil, thirty-two and thirty-four constituents at flower oil and eighteen and twenty constituents at stem oil of Fasham and Tochal samples were identified respectively. In the Fasham samples: Major constituents of the stem plus the leaf oil were: 1,8-Cineol and Limonene (21.4%), Viridiflorol (12.8%), a-Pinene (11.5%) and Kessane (10.5%). Major constituents of the flower oil were: Viridiflorol (32.5%) and b-Bisabolene (29.5%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: b-Bisabolene (50.8%) and Viridiflorol (37.0%). In the Tochal samples: Major constituents of the stem plus the leaf oil were: b-Bisabolene (18.3%), Geranyl acetate (14.7%), Geranyl2-methyl butyrate (9.0%) and Limonene (7.3%). Major constituents of the flower oil were: b-Bisabolene (55.2%) and a-zingiberene (8.7%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: b-Bisabolene (76.5%) and Caryophyllene oxide (21.4%).
F. Sefidkon; S. Meshkizadeh; S. Shahrzad
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
Sequoia is a very big and ever green tree with 45-90 meter height. It is native to the side of Atlantic Ocean, Which is also cultivated in Iran. The plant materials were collected from one of the Sequoia trees from Rezvanshahr Garden in August. The height to this tree was 40 meter and it was 30 years ...
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Sequoia is a very big and ever green tree with 45-90 meter height. It is native to the side of Atlantic Ocean, Which is also cultivated in Iran. The plant materials were collected from one of the Sequoia trees from Rezvanshahr Garden in August. The height to this tree was 40 meter and it was 30 years old. For preparation of tissue culture samples, the end part of shoots in 1-2 centimeter length have been cultivated. The leaves from main tree and also tissue culture sample were hydro- distilled for their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. 72 Compounds were identified in the leaf oil of main tree and 37 compounds were characterized in the leaf oil of tissue culture sample. The main components of the oil from main tree were β- phellandrene and limonene (13.30%), α- pinene (6.83%), terpinene –4-ol (6.47%), g-teroubebe *5.44%) and germacrene B (4.17%), while the major components of the oil from tissue culture sample were α- pinene (26.30%), α- terpinenyl acetate (14.40%), sabinene (13.60%), g- terpinene (7.10%), germacrene D (6.90%), b-phellandrene and limonene (6.60 %) and p-cymene (5.00%). Althoug these components were found in both oils, but the higher percentage of some useful compounds in the oil of tissue culture sample, gave it more effective character.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Askari; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L is one of the important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understood. Plant material were collected, ...
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The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L is one of the important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understood. Plant material were collected, 22 Km. Away from Kazeroon city on App. 1997, and essential oils obtained from flowerheads by two different methods (Hydrodistillation & steam distillation). The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Main components for hydrodistilation method, representing 93.39% of total oil were, a- Bisabolol (56.86%), trans-trans Farnesol(15.64%), sis-b-Farnesene(7.12%), Guaiazulene(4.24%) and chamazulene(2.18%) which are 86.04% from whole the oil. Main components for steam distillation method, representing 95.61% of total oil were, a-Bisabolol (51.72%), trans-trans-Farnesol (15.33%), Guaiazulene (10.51%), cis-B-Farnesene (9.48%) and chamazulene (3.69%), which are 90.73% from whole the oil. a-Bisabolol, a major component of matricaria, is reported to have anti-inflammatory can used in our medicinal and cometics industries.
